Volume: 13  Number: 2  Page: 136–170

Nature-based Tourism and Environmental Sustainability in South Africa

Anna Spenceley International Centre for Responsible Tourism, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, UK

Assessments of environmental factors contributing to sustainable tourism are described in relation to four photographic wildlife tourism enterprises in South Africa. A series of qualitative and quantitative results are presented to demonstrate how nature-based tourism enterprises in protected areas address their environmental impacts. Field-based evaluations and interviews with local community members show how a new Sustainable Nature-based Tourism Assessment Toolkit (SUNTAT) was used to evaluate enterprise performance. Motivations underlying environmentally responsible activities undertaken by private- and public-sector enterprises are described, in addition to their limitations and constraints. Conclusions are made regarding the need for environmentally responsible activities to utilise commercially appropriate best practice, and to consider both the local level and neighbouring livelihood strategies.

Keywords: sustainable development, environmental impacts, nature-based tourism, protected areas, Delphi consultation

© 2005 A. Spenceley

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