Volume: 8  Number: 2&3  Page: 195–213

Fees for Reefs: Economic Instruments to Protect Mexico’s Marine Natural Areas

Marisol Rivera-Planter and Carlos Muñoz-Piña Instituto Nacional de Ecología, Mexico

Stated preference methods can be used to estimate the demand function where no price variation has been observed before. This is the situation of the Mexican coral reef natural protected areas, where after the 2002 approval of a $20 pesos fee (US$1.80) the Ministry of the Environment is now considering increasing the amount of the fee, not only to raise more revenue for the park, but also to curb the number of visitors in the cases where there is excess demand. There are concerns that the very success of the reefs is bringing associated environmental damage that threatens its sustainable use. To estimate the reaction of visitors to different fee levels, we carried out a contingent valuation survey, and constructed with its results an aggregate demand for each park. This demand was then divided by seasons and nationalities, to explore the benefits and costs of differentiating fees, looking at both the revenue maximising and the welfare maximising fees. Finally we discuss how these fees would change when environmental damage functions are taken into account. The recommendation is that increasing fees up to the point where they cover both private and environmental costs would bring the highest amount of economic benefit compatible with the sustainable use of these complex and wondrous marine ecosystems.

Keywords: contingent valuation, reefs, user fees, protected areas, linear logarithmic model, price discrimination

© 2005 M. Rivera-Planter & C. Muñoz-Piña

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