International Journal of Bilingual
Education and Bilingualism
Editor: Colin Baker, University of Wales, Bangor
Review Editor: Aneta Pavlenko, Temple University, Philadelpia
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Volume: 4 Number: 1 Page: 11–22
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Towards a Typology of Trilingual Primary Education
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Jehannes Ytsma
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Trilingual primary education is a growing phenomenon in Europe. However, trilingual primary education is just an umbrella term. There are various different manifestations of the phenomenon. In this contribution
an attempt is made to develop a first typology of trilingual primary education. The typology proposed is based on three dimensions: (1) the linguistic context in which trilingual education takes place,
coupled with (2) the linguistic distance between the three language varieties at issue, and (3) the organisational design of the teaching of the three school languages. The result is a classification consisting
of 46 distinct types of trilingual primary education.
© Multilingual Matters 2001
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